- Part of the String object, the slice() method does everything substring() does and more, including support for negative start and end index. It returns a portion of another string, without modifying the original. With a single argument, it returns everything after the character index you supply:
var str = "I learn JavaScript";
alert( str.slice(8) ); // returns 'JavaScript'Note: the Array slice() method uses its arguments to copy another array from element X to Y.
- The second integer argument determines at which character index JavaScript stops extracting:
var str = "I learn JavaScript";
alert( str.slice(8, 12) ); // returns 'Java' - The simplest way to get a string's last character: pass a negative index, counted from the right.
var str = "I learn JavaScript";
alert( str.slice(-1) ); // returns 't' - You can mix positive and negative indices, but always ensure that there is an overlap - the code below returns an empty string because we start with the last five characters, but "end" 8 characters early; highlighted in yellow is the gap between end index and negative start index:
var str = "I learn JavaScript";
alert( str.slice(-5, 5) ); - The PHP equivalent to JavaScript's slice() method is the substr() function, but its optional third argument controls the returned string's length, not its end index. In this case, the length is superfluous, because PHP will automatically reach the end of a string:
$str = 'I learn PHP';
echo substr( $str, -3, 3 ); // returns 'PHP'
echo substr( $str, -3 ); // also returns 'PHP' Sister method: substring() takes a positive start and end index to return a smaller string.
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